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40mila transiti nel mese di luglio
I disperati al confine macedone In migliaia hanno sfondato il blocco
Sono inquietanti le immagini che arrivano dalla Macedonia, Paese che negli ultimi giorni è stato interessato da un forte aumento del flusso dei migranti, soprattutto dalla Siria, con la conseguente scelta del Governo di Skopje di chiudere i confini con la Grecia. In rapido tempo si è arrivati a momenti di altissima tensione tra profughi e polizia: i primi che spingono per entrare, i secondi che manganellano per respingerli, usando anche granate stordenti e gas. A determinare questa situazione ha contribuito in gran parte la decisione dell’Ungheria di costruire un muro al confine con la Serbia, così il cammino dalla Grecia alla Macedonia è diventato uno dei pochi da percorrere, e i migranti si aggrappano a qualsiasi cosa li possa trasportare pur di passare. Si stima che nel 2015 saranno 130mila le persone che entreranno in Europa attraversando i Balcani. Ma ora la situazione si è fatta complicata, e il governo di Skopje ha decretato lo stato d’emergenza a causa della grande tensione che si è creata. Da quando, in giugno, il Paese ha modificato la legge sul diritto di asilo a seguito delle pressioni da parte di alcune Ong, i migranti hanno il permesso di attraversare il Paese senza ostacoli, usando i mezzi pubblici, purché lo facciano nel giro di 72 ore.
Macedonian police try to block migrants from entering Macedonia from Greece, on the border line between the two countries, near the southern Macedonia's town of Gevgelija, on Saturday, Aug. 22, 2015. About 39,000 people, mostly Syrian migrants, have been registered as passing through Macedonia in the past month, twice as many as the month before. They previously encountered little resistance at the border, but the recent influx has overwhelmed Macedonian authorities who this week declared a state of emergency and stopped many from crossing. (AP Photo/Vlatko Perkovski)
Macedonian police try to block migrants from entering Macedonia from Greece, on the border line between the two countries, near the southern Macedonia's town of Gevgelija, on Saturday, Aug. 22, 2015. About 39,000 people, mostly Syrian migrants, have been registered as passing through Macedonia in the past month, twice as many as the month before. They previously encountered little resistance at the border, but the recent influx has overwhelmed Macedonian authorities who this week declared a state of emergency and stopped many from crossing. (AP Photo/Vlatko Perkovski)
Migrants break the police blockade to enter into Macedonia from Greece, on the border line between the two countries, near the southern Macedonia's town of Gevgelija, on Saturday, Aug. 22, 2015. About 39,000 people, mostly Syrian migrants, have been registered as passing through Macedonia in the past month, twice as many as the month before. They previously encountered little resistance at the border, but the recent influx has overwhelmed Macedonian authorities who this week declared a state of emergency and stopped many from crossing. (AP Photo/Vlatko Perkovski)
Migrants break the police blockade to enter into Macedonia from Greece, on the border line between the two countries, near the southern Macedonia's town of Gevgelija, on Saturday, Aug. 22, 2015. About 39,000 people, mostly Syrian migrants, have been registered as passing through Macedonia in the past month, twice as many as the month before. They previously encountered little resistance at the border, but the recent influx has overwhelmed Macedonian authorities who this week declared a state of emergency and stopped many from crossing. (AP Photo/Vlatko Perkovski)
Macedonian police try to block the migrants entering Macedonia from Greece, on the border line between the two countries, near the southern Macedonia's town of Gevgelija, on Saturday, Aug. 22, 2015. About 39,000 people, mostly Syrian migrants, have been registered as passing through Macedonia in the past month, twice as many as the month before. They previously encountered little resistance at the border, but the recent influx has overwhelmed Macedonian authorities who this week declared a state of emergency and stopped many from crossing. (AP Photo/Vlatko Perkovski)
A migrant holding a child hangs up a stuffed toy to dry from the rain on the barbed wire, while waiting to enter Macedonia from Greece on the border line between the two countries, near the southern Macedonia's town of Gevgelija, on Saturday, Aug. 22, 2015. About 39,000 people, mostly Syrian migrants, have been registered as passing through Macedonia in the past month, twice as many as the month before. They previously encountered little resistance at the border, but the recent influx has overwhelmed Macedonian authorities who this week declared a state of emergency and stopped many from crossing. (AP Photo/Boris Grdanoski)
Migrants stand behind barbed wire, waiting to enter Macedonia from Greece on the border line between the two countries, near the southern Macedonia's town of Gevgelija, on Saturday, Aug. 22, 2015. About 39,000 people, mostly Syrian migrants, have been registered as passing through Macedonia in the past month, twice as many as the month before. They previously encountered little resistance at the border, but the recent influx has overwhelmed Macedonian authorities who this week declared a state of emergency and stopped many from crossing. (AP Photo/Boris Grdanoski)
Migrants stand behind barbed wire lain by Macedonian police to stop thousands of migrants entering Macedonia illegally from Greece, on the border line with Greece, near the southern Macedonia's town of Gevgelija, on Saturday, Aug. 22, 2015. About 39,000 people, mostly Syrian migrants, have been registered as passing through Macedonia in the past month, twice as many as the month before. They previously encountered little resistance at the border, but the recent influx has overwhelmed Macedonian authorities who this week declared a state of emergency and stopped many from crossing. (AP Photo/Boris Grdanoski)
Migrants stand behind the barbed wire, lain by Macedonian police to stop thousands of migrants entering Macedonia illegally from Greece on the border line with Greece, near the southern Macedonia's town of Gevgelija, on Saturday, Aug. 22, 2015. About 39,000 people, mostly Syrian migrants, have been registered as passing through Macedonia in the past month, twice as many as the month before. They previously encountered little resistance at the border, but the recent influx has overwhelmed Macedonian authorities who this week declared a state of emergency and stopped many from crossing. (AP Photo/Boris Grdanoski)
Migrants show their Syrian passports shouting "Syria, Syria" while waiting on the border line to enter Macedonia from Greece, near the southern Macedonia's town of Gevgelija, on Saturday, Aug. 22, 2015. About 39,000 people, mostly Syrian migrants, have been registered as passing through Macedonia in the past month, twice as many as the month before. They previously encountered little resistance at the border, but the recent influx has overwhelmed Macedonian authorities who this week declared a state of emergency and stopped many from crossing. (AP Photo/Boris Grdanoski)
Red cross workers carrying a wounded migrant on the border line with Greece, near the train station of Idomeni, northern Greece, Saturday, Aug. 22, 2015. About 39,000 people have been registered as passing through Macedonia in the past month, twice as many as the month before. (AP Photo/Darko Vojinovic)
UNHCR worker pulls migrants on the border line with Greece, near the train station of Idomeni, northern Greece, Saturday, Aug. 22, 2015. About 39,000 people have been registered as passing through Macedonia in the past month, twice as many as the month before. (AP Photo/Darko Vojinovic)
Migrants run after breaking the police blockade and entering into Macedonia from Greece, on the border line between the two countries, near the southern Macedonia's town of Gevgelija, on Saturday, Aug. 22, 2015. About 39,000 people have been registered as passing through Macedonia in the past month, twice as many as the month before and overwhelming Macedonian authorities who have declared a state of emergency. (AP Photo/Vlatko Perkovski)
Migrants arrive at the railway station in the southern Macedonia's town of Gevgelija, after breaking through the police blockade on the border with Greece, on Saturday, Aug. 22, 2015. About 39,000 people, mostly Syrian migrants, have been registered as passing through Macedonia in the past month, twice as many as the month before. They previously encountered little resistance at the border, but the recent influx has overwhelmed Macedonian authorities who this week declared a state of emergency and stopped many from crossing. (AP Photo/Boris Grdanoski)
Migrants arrive at the railway station in the southern Macedonia's town of Gevgelija, after breaking through the police blockade on the border with Greece, on Saturday, Aug. 22, 2015. About 39,000 people have been registered as passing through Macedonia in the past month, twice as many as the month before and overwhelming Macedonian authorities who have declared a state of emergency. (AP Photo/Boris Grdanoski)
Migrants arrive at the railway station in the southern Macedonia's town of Gevgelija, after breaking through the police blockade on the border with Greece, on Saturday, Aug. 22, 2015. About 39,000 people have been registered as passing through Macedonia in the past month, twice as many as the month before and overwhelming Macedonian authorities who have declared a state of emergency. (AP Photo/Boris Grdanoski)
Migrants arrive at the railway station in the southern Macedonia's town of Gevgelija, after breaking through the police blockade on the border with Greece, on Saturday, Aug. 22, 2015. About 39,000 people have been registered as passing through Macedonia in the past month, twice as many as the month before and overwhelming Macedonian authorities who have declared a state of emergency. (AP Photo/Boris Grdanoski)
Migrants arrive at the railway station in the southern Macedonia's town of Gevgelija, after breaking through the police blockade on the border with Greece, on Saturday, Aug. 22, 2015. About 39,000 people have been registered as passing through Macedonia in the past month, twice as many as the month before and overwhelming Macedonian authorities who have declared a state of emergency. (AP Photo/Boris Grdanoski)
Migrants arrive at the railway station in the southern Macedonia's town of Gevgelija, after breaking through the police blockade on the border with Greece, on Saturday, Aug. 22, 2015. About 39,000 people, mostly Syrian migrants, have been registered as passing through Macedonia in the past month, twice as many as the month before. They previously encountered little resistance at the border, but the recent influx has overwhelmed Macedonian authorities who this week declared a state of emergency and stopped many from crossing. (AP Photo/Boris Grdanoski)
Migrants run across the border line with Macedonia, near the train station of Idomeni, northern Greece, Saturday, Aug. 22, 2015. About 39,000 people have been registered as passing through Macedonia in the past month, twice as many as the month before and overwhelming Macedonian authorities who have declared a state of emergency. (AP Photo/Darko Vojinovic)
Gli scontri e l’apertura del confine. La scelta di chiudere i confini è stata presa per tutelare la popolazione macedone e, dice la polizia, anche per garantire ai migranti migliori condizioni. D'altronde, il mese di luglio è stato durissimo per il Paese, che ha visto raddoppiare i transiti di profughi, arrivati quasi a 40mila in un mese. Così, dopo la chiusura, si è arrivati in fretta agli scontri. I poliziotti in assetto antisommossa hanno usato granate assordanti per allontanare i migranti dalla frontiera. Oltre tremila persone, uomini, donne incinte, bambini, neonati, sono bloccati in un limbo, una “terra di nessuno” da cui non possono andare da nessuna parte. Solo nel tardo pomeriggio di venerdì, dopo gli scontri, il ministero degli Interni Macedone ha deciso di far entrare inizialmente 181 persone: si tratta di un «numero limitato di immigrati illegali che rientrano nella categoria in pericolo», come afferma il ministero in un comunicato. A partire dalle 5 di sabato, invece il numero dei migranti si è allargato: 300 persone ogni due ore, dando la precedenza a donne, bambini e anziani. Una decisione che è riuscita a calmare almeno in parte gli animi che nella giornata di venerdì si erano surriscaldati.
Ma oggi, proprio quando la polizia aveva deciso di far passare un piccolo gruppo di migranti con bambini piccoli, la folla, composta da migliaia di persone, ha iniziato a premere e il gruppo a cui era stato concesso di passare è rimasto compresso contro il cordone degli agenti. Molti bambini e donne, secondo quanto riporta La Stampa - si sono accasciati al suolo stremati. Nel caos che si è venuto a creare, migliaia di profughi hanno oltrepassato il filo spinato che segna il confine con la Grecia e sono entrati nel Paese balcanico. La polizia, lanciando alcune granate assordanti, ha tentato di ristabilire il controllo dell’area in cui è avvenuto lo sfondamento. Tuttavia, la maggior parte dei profughi è riuscita a dirigersi verso la stazione di Gevgelia.
Il ruolo dell’Onu. Sono quasi tutti siriani, senza cibo e pochissima acqua. Vista la loro terra di provenienza, martoriata dalla guerra civile, l'Alto commissariato Onu per i rifugiati ha spiegato che quasi tutti hanno i requisiti per ottenere l’asilo politico. Volontari e cooperanti sono presenti alla stazione ferroviaria di Gevgelija, che sta vivendo la situazione più critica, addirittura drammatica come l’ha definita il governo nei giorni scorsi. È uno snodo ferroviario importante al confine con la Grecia, da cui migliaia di migranti cercano di prendere un treno per raggiungere i Paesi dell'Ue. Spesso aggrappandosi al primo treno. Proprio l’Unhcr ha espresso la sua preoccupazione per una «situazione che sta deteriorando» e che le autorità macedoni e greche devono affrontare: gli uni stabilendo una «gestione dei confini ordinata e tesa a proteggere» i profughi più vulnerabili, e gli altri rafforzando «le strutture, la registrazione, e la ricezione» sul proprio versante del confine.
A Macedonian police officer blocking migrants at no-man's land between Greece and Macedonia near the border train station of Idomeni, northern Greece, Friday, Aug. 21, 2015. Macedonian special police forces have fired stun grenades to disperse thousands of migrants stuck on a no-man's land with Greece, a day after Macedonia declared a state of emergency on its borders to deal with a massive influx of migrants heading north to Europe. (AP Photo/Darko Vojinovic)
A migrant man holding a boy react as they are forced back as Macedonian riot police officers and migrants clashed near the border train station of Idomeni, northern Greece, as they wait to be allowed by the Macedonian police to cross the border from Greece to Macedonia, Friday, Aug. 21, 2015. Macedonian special police forces have fired stun grenades to disperse thousands of migrants stuck on a no-man's land with Greece, a day after Macedonia declared a state of emergency on its borders to deal with a massive influx of migrants heading north to Europe. (AP Photo/Darko Vojinovic)
Migrants stand behind the barbed wire set by Macedonian police to stop thousands of migrants entering Macedonia illegally from Greece on the border line with Greece, near the southern Macedonian town of Gevgelija, Friday, Aug. 21, 2015. About 39,000 people, mostly Syrian migrants, have been registered as passing through Macedonia in the past month, twice as many as the month before. They previously encountered little resistance at the border, but the recent influx has overwhelmed Macedonian authorities who this week declared a state of emergency and stopped many from crossing. (AP Photo/Boris Grdanoski)
Migrants wait to enter Macedonia from Greece on the border line with Greece, near the southern Macedonia's town of Gevgelija, Friday, Aug. 21, 2015. About 39,000 people, mostly Syrian migrants, have been registered as passing through Macedonia in the past month, twice as many as the month before. (AP Photo/Boris Grdanoski)
UNHCR workers help migrants who have collapsed while the crowd of migrants were pushing the police to enter into Macedonia, at the railway tracks on border line with Greece, near the southern Macedonia's town of Gevgelija, on Friday, Aug. 21, 2015. About 39,000 people, mostly Syrian migrants, have been registered as passing through Macedonia in the past month, twice as many as the month before. They previously encountered little resistance at the border, but the recent influx has overwhelmed Macedonian authorities who this week declared a state of emergency and stopped many from crossing. (AP Photo/Boris Grdanoski)
Three boys migrants wait for the rest of their family to enter into Macedonia from Greece, on the border line with Greece, near the southern Macedonia's town of Gevgelija, on Friday, Aug. 21, 2015. About 39,000 people, mostly Syrian migrants, have been registered as passing through Macedonia in the past month, twice as many as the month before. (AP Photo/Boris Grdanoski)
Macedonian police officers block migrants from entering Macedonia illegally from Greece, at the railway tracks on border line near the southern Macedonia's town of Gevgelija, on Friday, Aug. 21, 2015. About 39,000 people, mostly Syrian migrants, have been registered as passing through Macedonia in the past month, twice as many as the month before. (AP Photo/Boris Grdanoski)
A migrant woman collects firewood near the border train station of Idomeni, northern Greece, as they wait to be allowed by the Macedonian police to cross the border from Greece to Macedonia, Friday, Aug. 21, 2015. Macedonian special police forces have fired stun grenades to disperse thousands of migrants stuck on a no-man's land with Greece, a day after Macedonia declared a state of emergency on its borders to deal with a massive influx of migrants heading north to Europe. (AP Photo/Darko Vojinovic)
L’aiuto dei volontari. Sono molte le Ong che hanno allestito gruppi di aiuto su base volontaria, sia nel nord sia nel sud del Paese. Stazionano ai confini, aiutando quanti sono in arrivo soprattutto da Siria, Somalia, Afghanistan. Forniscono acqua, cibo, vestiti puliti, medicine ai migranti che dalla Turchia o dalla Grecia entrano nel Paese per andare in Germania, Svezia o, come dicono gli stessi migranti «ovunque piuttosto che tornare a casa».
I numeri del Ministero dell’Interno. I dati del ministero dell'Interno macedone dicono che tra il 19 giugno e il 12 agosto di quest'anno, sono stati emessi 32.388 certificati che permettono la permanenza sul suolo per 72 ore a cittadini stranieri di cui 22.703 uomini, 4.359 donne e 4.959 bambini. 367 minori viaggiavano non accompagnati e a loro è stato rilasciato un permesso in cui viene esplicitata la loro intenzione di presentare domanda di asilo. Prima che scoppiassero gli scontri con la polizia il ministero rilasciava circa 1330 certificati di ingresso ogni giorno, ma nella giornata di venerdì il numero aveva subito una battuta d’arresto e si era fermato a 181.
A migrant woman who has collapsed while the crowd of migrants were pushing the police to enter Macedonia lays down, as her family breaks through, at the railway tracks on border line with Greece, near the southern Macedonia's town of Gevgelija, on Friday, Aug. 21, 2015. About 39,000 people, mostly Syrian migrants, have been registered as passing through Macedonia in the past month, twice as many as the month before. They previously encountered little resistance at the border, but the recent influx has overwhelmed Macedonian authorities who this week declared a state of emergency and stopped many from crossing. (AP Photo/Boris Grdanoski)
A woman migrant, right, feeds her baby while waiting for her family in the crowd of migrants to enter Macedonia passing the police blockade set at the railway tracks on the border line with Greece, near the southern Macedonia's town of Gevgelija, on Friday, Aug. 21, 2015. About 39,000 people, mostly Syrian migrants, have been registered as passing through Macedonia in the past month, twice as many as the month before. They previously encountered little resistance at the border, but the recent influx has overwhelmed Macedonian authorities who this week declared a state of emergency and stopped many from crossing. (AP Photo/Boris Grdanoski)
Macedonian police officers block migrants from entering Macedonia illegally from Greece, at the railway tracks on the border line near the southern Macedonia's town of Gevgelija, Friday, Aug. 21, 2015. About 39,000 people, mostly Syrian migrants, have been registered as passing through Macedonia in the past month, twice as many as the month before. They previously encountered little resistance at the border, but the recent influx has overwhelmed Macedonian authorities who this week declared a state of emergency and stopped many from crossing. (AP Photo/Boris Grdanoski)
A migrant who had collapsed while the crowd of migrants were pushing the police to enter Macedonia, sits exhausted on the railway tracks on border line with Greece, near the southern Macedonian town of Gevgelija, Friday, Aug. 21, 2015. About 39,000 people, mostly Syrian migrants, have been registered as passing through Macedonia in the past month, twice as many as the month before. (AP Photo/Boris Grdanoski)
